Instruction Manual for the DQY-1 Geological Compass

DQY-1 Instruction Manual for the Geological Compass

Product Implementation Standard: Q/HGY06-2020

I. Purpose  

1  Measurement of structural attitudes: including strike, dip direction, and dip angle;

2  Topographic surveying: includes determining orientation (i.e., intersection positioning), measuring slope angles, and establishing horizontal control.

3  Measure the vertical angle.

II. Main Performance  

1 Magnetic needle damping time (magnetic needle deflection 90 (the time spent remaining in the original position) is 30-60 Seconds.

2 Reading error:

a. The angular error between the readings before and after the magnetic needle rotates shall not exceed 0.5 °;

b. The magnetic needle is in 0 degree -180 °, 90 degree -270 The error caused by eccentricity at ° shall not exceed 0.5 °;

c. The reading error of the protractor shall not exceed 0.5 °.

3  Spirit level sensitivity:

a. Long spirit level :15 ′± 3 ′ /2mm

b. Bubble level :30 ′± 5 ′ /2mm

4  Instrument external dimensions (length × width × height): 85 times 73 times 35 （ mm )

5  Instrument weight: 0.26kg

III. Principle and Structure  

1 Principle: This instrument utilizes a magnetic object—the magnetic needle. ( The magnetic needle features a special design that reduces its stabilization time. , Improve measurement efficiency ) It has the characteristic of indicating a specific direction relative to the magnetic meridian; when used in conjunction with the scale reading, it can determine the direction of the target relative to the magnetic meridian. Based on two selected measurement points ( or known measurement points ) , it is possible to determine the position of another unknown target.

2 Structure ( Refer to the structural schematic diagram. ) : The instrument consists of an upper cover. 6 With the shell 13 Through the connecting hinge 8 Forms the main body of the instrument. The upper cover houses a reflecting mirror. 7 , which allows the target to be reflected in the mirror. Housing 13 It is equipped with a long front sight on the exterior. 1 , in conjunction with the small sight 5 , capable of aiming at the target. The housing contains a dial. 2 and magnetic needle 3 , the azimuth of the target can be read directly, circular level 10 It can indicate the instrument’s horizontal position. Long spirit level 4 and indicator panel 11 For measuring the slope angle, it can be placed on the steering wheel. 12 Read the inclination angle directly from the scale. Switch 9 It is a magnetic needle braking mechanism. A magnetic declination adjustment shaft is provided on the outer surface of the housing.

This instrument features a compact structure, small footprint, portability, reliable accuracy, and stable performance.

1 Long-range sight   

2 Dial

3 Magnetic needle

4 Long spirit level

5 Small sight

6 Upper cover

7 Rearview mirror

8 Connecting hinge

9 Switch

10 Bubble level

11 Indicator panel

12 Steering wheel

13 Shell

IV. How to use  

(1) Measure the attitude of the strata (including strike, dip direction, and dip angle).

1  Determine the strike: The strike is the horizontal projection direction of the dyke.

Place the instrument's top cover 6 Open the instrument to its full extent, set the local magnetic declination, place the two long sides of the instrument against a characteristic (representative) surface of the rock layer, ensure that the circular bubble level is centered, and then read the value indicated by the north pole of the magnetic needle. ( One end of the copper wire is the south pole of the magnetic needle. ) , which is the strike of the rock layer.

2  Trend measurement: the direction perpendicular to the plane indicated by the strike.

Use a connecting hinge. 8 Place the short side of the base or the back of the top cover against the characteristic surface of the rock layer, ensuring that the circular bubble level is centered; the degree indicated by the north pole of the magnetic needle is the dip direction of the rock layer.

3  Dip angle: the angle between the vertical and the horizontal plane perpendicular to the strike.

Open the top cover 6 When the instrument is positioned at the limit, its side is perpendicular to the strike and closely abuts the characteristic surface of the rock layer. Adjust the bubble level until it is centered, then read the degree indicated on the dial; this value represents the dip angle of the rock layer.

In practical measurements, only one of the two factors—strike and dip—needs to be measured, because strike and dip are mutually 90 The relationship of °.

(2) Topographic surveying (including azimuth determination, slope angle measurement, and horizontal line identification)

 1  Determining the azimuth: the direction and location of the target; determining the azimuth is also known as intersection positioning.

（ 1 ) Measurement method when the target is above the line of sight (horizontal line).

Hold the instrument firmly in your right hand, with the back of the upper cover facing the observer and your arm close to your body to minimize shaking. Use your left hand to adjust the long sighting tube and the reflecting mirror, then turn your body until the image of the target and the tip of the long sighting tube are simultaneously reflected in the mirror and bisected by the mirror’s line of sight. Keep the circular bubble level centered, and read the degree indicated by the north pole of the magnetic needle—this is the direction to the target.

Using the same method, measure the target at another measurement point. By taking measurements of the same target from two different points, the two lines corresponding to the measured angles will intersect at the target, thereby determining its position.

（ 2 ) Measurement method when the target is below the line of sight (horizontal line).

Hold the instrument firmly in your right hand, with the reflecting mirror positioned opposite the observer; keep your arm close to your body to minimize shaking. With your left hand, adjust the long sighting device and the upper cover, then turn your body until the target and the tip of the sight are simultaneously aligned within the elliptical aperture of the reflecting mirror and bisected by the mirror’s line of sight, ensuring that the circular bubble remains centered. The reading indicated by the south pole of the magnetic needle is the bearing of the target. Repeat the measurement at another station using the same procedure. By intersecting the two lines corresponding to the measured bearings, the position of the target can be determined.

 2  Slope angle: the angle between the line of sight from the observer to the target and the horizontal plane.

Hold the instrument’s housing and base with your right hand, with the long sighting tube on the observer’s side; ensure the instrument’s plane is vertical to the horizontal, and that the long bubble level is centered at the bottom. With your left hand, adjust the top cover and the long sighting tube so that the target and the aperture of the sighting tip are both bisected by the elliptical line etched on the reflecting mirror. Then, use the middle finger of your right hand to adjust the handle, observing through the reflecting mirror until the long bubble level is centered. The reading indicated on the dial mounted on the handle at this moment is the slope angle of the target. If you are measuring the slope angle of a particular slope, simply open the top cover to its full extent, place the instrument’s side directly against the slope, center the long bubble level, and read the angle—this will be the slope angle of that slope (which is identical to the dip angle in structural measurements).

 3  Set the horizontal line

Tilt the long-range sight so that it lies in the same plane as the box surface, and then tilt the top cover to 45 °, with the sighting point vertical and parallel to the upper cover, align the indicator with “ 0 “Adjust the instrument so that the long bubble is centered; then the line of sight passing through the sighting aperture at the sighting tip and the elliptical aperture of the reflecting mirror will coincide with the horizontal line.”

(3) Measure the vertical angle of the object

Tilt the top cover to its extreme position, press the side of the instrument firmly against a representative flat surface of the object (such as a drill pipe), and then adjust the bubble level until it is centered; at this point, the indicator dial The reading is the object’s vertical angle.

(4) Magnetic Declination Adjustment

Magnetic declination is classified as either east or west and is measured and published by the national surveying authority. To adjust for magnetic declination, first align the compass needle with any whole-degree mark on the compass dial, keep the instrument stationary, and then rotate the dial until the angle of rotation relative to the needle exactly matches the local magnetic declination. If the declination is west, turn the dial counterclockwise; if it is east, turn the dial clockwise.

V. Precautions  

1   The magnetic needle, the jewel bearing, and the jewel pin are the instrument’s principal components and must be carefully protected and kept clean to ensure the needle’s sensitivity. When the instrument is not in use, it should be securely closed. Once closed, a switch automatically lifts the magnetic needle, disengaging the jewel pin from the jewel bearing to prevent wear on the pin.

2   The varying magnetic dip angles across the globe cause magnetic needles to tilt, necessitating adjustments to the magnetic needle’s N extreme or S A highly balanced suspension wire (made of non-magnetic material) is used to keep the magnetic needle level; by adjusting the number of turns or the position of the suspension wire, the needle can remain horizontal regardless of the region.

3   Do not disassemble any hinges lightly, as this may cause them to loosen and compromise accuracy.

4   Avoid exposing the instrument to high temperatures and direct sunlight to prevent air leakage and malfunction.

5   The pivoting parts of the hinge should be regularly lubricated with watch oil to prevent dry friction and breakage.

6   The instrument should be placed in a well-ventilated, dry location, away from magnetic objects.

Harbin Optical Instruments Factory Co., Ltd.

HARBIN OPTICAL INSTRUMENT FACTORY LTD.

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Post   Editor: 150010

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