Instruction Manual for the DQL-5 Type “Type 65” Compass

DQL-5 Instruction Manual for the Type 65 Compass

Product Implementation Standard: Q/HGY06-2020

• Uses  

The Type 65 compass is a simple surveying instrument used to determine azimuth, distance, horizontal alignment, slope (pitch angle), elevation, march time, speed, and to produce basic maps. To facilitate nighttime use, luminous paint is applied to its various components.

• Brief Introduction to the Structure

The instrument consists primarily of a compass and an odometer, as shown in ( Attached figure 1) . The compass section has a carrying loop. (1) , dial base (2) , two types of scale lines are marked on the dial base, with the outer circle being 360 The degree-minute division system, with each graduation line representing 1 degree. The inner circle is 6000( Mil angular unit ) Division system, with the circumference fully刻. 300 Graduation line, with each graduation line representing 20( Mil angular unit ) . Contains a magnetic needle (3) , protractor (4) . The graduation unit for the pitch angle is degrees, with each tick mark representing 2.5 Degree, with a measurable pitch angle of ± 60 degree. The odometer section mainly consists of the odometer. (8) , measuring wheel (9) , gears, pointers, and other components. The mileage scale is divided into 1:50,000 ， 1:100,000 Two scale values. 1:100,000 Each graduation on the scale corresponds to 1 kilometers, 1:50,000 Each tick mark corresponds to 0.5 Kilometers can be used in conjunction with maps that are scaled accordingly or at a multiple scale. The speed-time table is divided. : On the outer dial there is 13、15、17、19、21、23、25 kilometer / Hours, with a subdial on the inner dial 10、14、16、18、20、22、24、30 kilometer / hour ( With V representative ) , for a total of fifteen speeds. On the time scale, each tick mark represents five minutes. (V25 for 10 minute )。

The instrument features a surveying scale on its side, with distance estimators at both ends. The distance between the two tips of the estimator is 12.3 millimeters; the distance between the sight and the front sight is 123 Millimeters, that is, the length of the tip. 10 times.

Instrument external dimensions (length × width × height): 69 times 63 times 28.5 （ mm )

Instrument weight: 0.117kg

• How to use

( One ) Determine the azimuth :

1. Determine the northeast, southeast, northwest, and southwest directions on site.

(1) Open the compass and align the direction indicator “△” with “ 0”;

(2) Rotate the compass until the north-seeking end of the magnetic needle (the white end) aligns with “ 0 “After,” At this moment, the direction indicated is north, and the local east, south, west, and north directions can be directly read on the azimuth glass.

2. Calibrate map orientation

Orienting a map involves using a compass to align the map’s bearings with the true directions on the ground.

1. Turn on the instrument and adjust the dial base so that the azimuth indicator “△” is aligned with “ 0”;
2. Tangent to the true meridian on the map using a surveying ruler. ;

(3) Rotate the map so that the north end of the magnetic needle aligns with the local magnetic declination; then the bearings on the map will exactly match the true bearings in the field. ;

3. Determination of magnetic azimuth

A Determine the magnetic azimuth of the target on the map.

(1) Use a compass to accurately orient the map and keep it stationary;

(2) Tangent the surveying ruler to the line connecting the station point and the target point, and adjust the dial base so that the indicator “△” aligns with “ 0 "Carving line" ;

(3) Once the magnetic needle comes to rest, the scale reading on the dial plate at its north end indicates the magnetic azimuth of the line connecting the observer’s position to the target.

B Determine the magnetic azimuth of the ground target.

(1) Turn on the instrument and align the azimuth indicator “△” with “ 0 ”, and ensure that the reflector is slightly aligned with the dial base. 45 degree ;

(2) Insert the thumb through the carrying loop, hold the instrument horizontally, and aim from the sight through the front sight at the target to be measured. ;

(3) By observing, through the reflecting mirror, the graduation on the azimuth plate aligned with the north end of the magnetic needle, one obtains the magnetic azimuth of the target at the observation site.

( Two ) Measure distance

1. Directly measure the map distance using a surveying scale.

2. Measure the map distance using mileage.

(1) First, return the red pointer to “ 0”;

(2) Hold the instrument, gently place the odometer wheel on the starting point, and roll it forward along the measured route to the endpoint. ;

(3) The corresponding ground distance can be directly read off the scale by noting the division indicated by the pointer. For example, at 1:50,000 On the map, measure from point A to point B; on the instrument dial, 1:50,000 A scale refers to 14 With one graduation line, the ground distance between points A and B is 7 kilometers. If in 1:100,000 Measured on the map 14 With one刻line, the distance between points A and B is 14 kilometers. In addition, with a corresponding ratio of ( For example 1:25,000) Or in a multiple ratio ( For example 1:20,000 and 1:500,000) The map can also be read after conversion of units.

3. Use a range estimator to roughly determine the distance to the target on site.

The distance between the two prongs of the range estimator on the instrument is equal to the distance between the sight and the front sight. One tenth By utilizing the properties of similar triangles, the distance to a target on the ground can be determined.

(1) Two targets are known. ( object ) Find these two targets based on their distance from the current point. ( object ) The interval between them can be calculated using the following formula: :

The interval between two targets = Distance between the two targets and the standing point × One tenth

Turn on the instrument and bring your eye close to the sight to aim at the target, such as two targets. ( object ) Precisely held between the two tips of the distance estimator. ( As shown in the attached figure. 2) , and it is also known that the distances between the two target points and the reference point are 100 m, then the distance between the two target points is 100 times 1/10=10 Rice; the rest can be calculated using this method.

In addition, the two targets ahead ( object ) When the interval between the two points is not exactly equal to the distance measured by the distance estimator, but is either smaller or larger, the following formula may be used: :

The distance between two target points = The distance between the two targets and the current point × One tenth × the multiple of the interval between the two apices occupied by the two targets

Example : The distances from the two targets to the standing point are known to be 100 Using the meter, the interval between the two targets was measured to be equal to the distance between the two tips of the range estimator. 7/10 then the interval between the two targets is 100 times One tenth times 7/10=7 Rice.

Similarly, if the interval between two targets is equal to the distance between the two tips of the distance estimator, 1.5 times, then the interval between the two targets is 100 times One tenth times 1.5 = 15 Rice.

(2) Given the width of an object or the separation between two targets, the distance from the target to the observation point can be calculated using the following formula: :

Distance between the target and the standing point = Known target interval × 10

Example : The known separation between the two targets ahead is 12 m. If the two tips of the rangefinder are precisely aligned with the target, then the distance between the target point and the standing point is 12 times 10=120 Rice.

In addition, the target distance is known, but when aiming, the interval between the two tips of the range estimator is either smaller or larger than the actual distance. The following formula can be used: :

Note : Measuring the distance to a target on site using a range estimator is simple, but its accuracy is low.

( Three ) Marching Time and Speed Calculation

Using the speed-time chart on the instrument, while measuring the distance traveled, one can determine the time required for the march or the marching speed within a specified time. The method is as follows: :

1. Marching Time Calculation : Turn on the instrument and reset the odometer pointer to zero. ( On the red line of the dial ) . While calculating the distance to the destination, the speed-time chart is then plotted according to 1:100,000 Scale mileage, indicating according to 13、15、17、19、21、23、25 kilometer / hour ( Outer scale, read clockwise ) and 10、14、16、18、20、22、24、30 kilometer / hour ( Inner scale, read counterclockwise ) The time required for each speed march, if it is to be carried out in 1:50,000 On a map with a scale, measure the distance traveled; then gently adjust the odometer wheel with your finger to halve the distance. The speed and time indicated by the pointer are the values you seek. For example: : In 1:50,000 The distance measured on the scale map is 40 kilometers, if calculated based on V20 Calculate the time required to complete the entire course at a given speed. First, set the pointer to 1:50,000 of the scale 20 At the kilometer mark, in V20 The pointer within the circle indicates the desired value. If the specified speed is not shown on the dial, identify a speed that has a proportional relationship with it, then multiply by the proportion to obtain the time. For example, if the marching speed is per hour... 5 kilometers, the measured mileage is 30 Kilometers—just solve for time, and you can read it. :V10 for 3 hours. Due to V10 Yes V5 of 2 times, that is, multiply the result by 2 Or rotate the dial to make the pointer indicate. 60 Read at the kilometer mark V10 to obtain 6 hours, and again V6 At that time, it is readable. V18 , multiply the result by 3 Or rotate the dial to make the pointer indicate. 90 Read at the kilometer mark V18 to obtain 5 Hours; the rest is analogous.

( Attention : The above calculations do not account for marching rest periods, nor for slope and curvature factors encountered during route surveying and adjustment. When organizing a march, the relevant data should be incorporated into the table. )

2. To calculate marching speed, once the distance to the destination is determined, the appropriate speed for the specified time limit can be selected using a speed–time calculation table based on the required arrival deadline. ( Attention : If it is 1:50,000 The mileage scale should be selected by doubling the prescribed time limit. ) As the marching speed.

( Attention : When calculating marching speed, relevant marching data should be incorporated simultaneously for the computation. )

( Four ) Determine the slope of the inclined plane. ( Pitch angle )

Turn on the instrument so that the mirror is slightly aligned with the dial base. 45 Hold the instrument at an angle, align the telescope and front sight with the slope edge, ensuring that the line of sight is parallel to the slope. Allow the protractor to swing freely, and observe through the reflecting mirror the scale division on the elevation-angle scale indicated by the central index line of the protractor; this reading is the desired elevation angle. ( Slope )。

( Five ) Measure the target's approximate height

Known objective ( object ) Determine the horizontal distance to the target point, then measure the target’s elevation angle and consult the altimeter. ( See the attached table. 1) , the height of the target can then be determined as follows: :

1. Determine the location of the point of interest and the target to be measured either from the map or by using a distance estimator. ( Such as mountain tops, chimneys, and spires. ) the horizontal distance;

2. Hold the instrument in a side-holding position, align the telescope and front sight with the top of the target, allow the protractor to swing freely until it comes to rest, and then read the elevation angle indicated by the protractor’s scale. ;

3. View altimeter ( Appendix 1) Alternatively, the height can be calculated using the meter-based formula.

Example : The known horizontal distance from the measurement point to the object being measured is 100 Rice, the pitch angle measured by the instrument is 30 °, then check the altimeter, at 100 Align the rice horizontal grid. 30 °Vertical grid, the measured height of the object is 57.74 Rice.

IV. Instrument Maintenance and Care

1. Do not place the instrument near ferromagnetic materials to avoid demagnetization.

2. Do not strike objects with the surveying ruler to avoid compromising measurement accuracy.

3. Do not bend the reflecting mirror, as this may impair aiming and scale reading; keep the surface clean and smooth, and do not wipe it with a dirty cloth or your hands.

4. When not in use, the instrument should be turned off and stored in its case; take care to avoid impacts.

V. Appendix

Appendix 1: Altimeter

Appendix 2: Magnetic Declination in Major and Medium-Sized Cities Across China

1. Lifting ring       2. Tripod base

3. Magnetic needle       4. Protractor

5. Magnetic needle holder board   6. Press plate

7. Rearview mirror     8. Odometer

9. Wheel measurement       10. Aim carefully

11. Aim point      12. Estimator 13. Surveying ruler

Harbin Optical Instruments Factory Co., Ltd.

HARBIN OPTICAL INSTRUMENT FACTORY LTD.

ground   Address: Jingwei Third Road, Daoli District, Harbin City 32 Number

Post   Editor: 150010

Electricity   Words: 400-030-0319         0451-84286338      

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E-mail： hopt@hopt.cn