Instruction Manual for the DQY-1 Pro Geological Compass

Release Date:

2024-04-06

Instruction Manual for the DQY-1 Geological Compass Product Implementation Standard: Q/HGY06-2020 Applications 1 Measurement of geological attitudes: including strike, dip direction, and dip angle; 2 Topographic surveying: including azimuth determination (i.e., intersection positioning), slope angle measurement, and horizontal plane identification; 3 Vertical angle measurement. Main Performance Specifications 1 Magnetic needle damping time (the time it takes for the magnetic needle to deflect by 90° and then return to its original position) is 30–60 seconds. 2 Reading error: a. The difference between the readings before and after the magnetic needle rotates shall not exceed 0.5°; b. At positions from 0° to 180° and from 90° to 270°, the error caused by eccentricity of the magnetic needle shall not exceed 0.5°; c. The reading error of the protractor shall not exceed 0.5°. 3 Level vial sensitivity: a. Long level vial: 15′ ± 3′ per 2 mm b. Circular level vial: 30′ ± 5′ per 2 mm 4 Instrument external dimensions (length × width × height): 73 × 73 × 33.4 mm 5 Instrument weight: 0.25 kg Principle and Structure 1 Principle: This instrument utilizes the property of a magnetic object—the magnetic needle (which adopts a special structure to shorten the stabilization time and improve measurement efficiency)—to indicate a specific direction along the magnetic meridian. Combined with the scale reading, it can determine the orientation of a target relative to the magnetic meridian. By selecting two known measurement points (or using pre-existing reference points), the position of another unknown target can be determined. 2 Structure (refer to the simplified structural diagram): The instrument consists of the upper cover 6 and the housing 13, connected by hinge 8, forming the main body of the instrument. The upper cover houses a reflecting mirror 7, which allows the target to be reflected in the mirror. On the exterior of the housing 13 is mounted a long sighting device 1; together with the small sighting device 5, it enables accurate targeting. Inside the housing are the graduated dial 2 and the magnetic needle 3, allowing direct reading of the target’s azimuth. The circular level vial 10 indicates the instrument’s horizontal position. The long level vial 4 and the indicator dial 11 are used for measuring slope angles, with readings directly taken from the inclination scale on the steering wheel 12. Switch 9 serves as the magnetic needle braking mechanism. An adjustment axis for magnetic declination is provided on the outer side of the housing. This instrument features a compact structure, small size, portability, reliable accuracy, stable performance, and luminous markings for nighttime use. 1 Long sighting device 2 Graduated dial 3 Magnetic needle 4 Long level vial 5 Small sighting device 6 Upper cover 7 Reflecting mirror 8 Hinge 9 Switch 10 Circular level vial 11 Indicator dial 12 Steering wheel 13 Housing Operating Instructions Measuring Geological Attitudes (including strike, dip direction, and dip angle) 1 Measuring strike: Strike refers to the direction of the rock vein’s projection on the horizontal plane. Open the upper cover 6 to its maximum position, adjust for the local magnetic declination, place the two long sides of the instrument against the characteristic surface of the rock layer (a representative surface), keep the circular bubble level centered, and read the degree indicated by the north pole of the magnetic needle (the end wrapped with copper wire is the south pole of the magnetic needle). This reading represents the strike of the rock layer. 2 Measuring dip direction: The direction perpendicular to the strike. Place the short side of the base plate under hinge 8 or the back of the upper cover against the characteristic surface of the rock layer, keep the circular bubble level centered, and read the degree indicated by the north pole of the magnetic needle. This reading represents the dip direction of the rock layer. 3 Measuring dip angle: The angle between the vertical plane and the strike. Open the upper cover 6 to its maximum position, position the side of the instrument perpendicular to the strike and tightly against the characteristic surface of the rock layer, center the long bubble level, and read the degree indicated by the steering wheel on the indicator dial. This reading represents the dip angle of the rock layer. In practical measurements, only one of the strike or dip direction needs to be measured, since they are at right angles to each other. (II) Topographic Surveying (including azimuth determination, slope angle measurement, and horizontal plane identification) 1 Azimuth Determination: The direction and location of a target; azimuth determination is also known as intersection positioning. (1) Measurement method when the target is above the line of sight (horizontal line). Hold the instrument firmly in your right hand, with the back of the upper cover facing the observer and your arm close to your body to minimize shaking. Use your left hand to adjust the long sighting device and the reflecting mirror, rotate your body so that the image of the target and the tip of the long sighting device are simultaneously reflected in the mirror and bisected by the mirror line. Keep the circular bubble level centered, and read the degree indicated by the north pole of the magnetic needle. This reading represents the direction of the target. Use the same method to measure the target from another observation point. In this way, measurements from two different points will result in two lines intersecting at the target based on the degrees read, thereby determining the target’s location. (2) Measurement method when the target is below the line of sight (horizontal line). Hold the instrument firmly in your right hand, with the reflecting mirror facing the observer and your arm again close to your body to reduce shaking. Use your left hand to adjust the long sighting device and the upper cover, rotate your body so that the target and the tip of the sighting device are simultaneously reflected in the elliptical aperture of the mirror and bisected by the mirror line. Keep the circular bubble level centered, and read the degree indicated by the south pole of the magnetic needle. This reading represents the direction of the target. Use the same method to measure the target from another observation point. In this way, measurements from two different points will result in two lines intersecting at the target based on the degrees read, thereby determining the target’s location. 2 Slope Angle Measurement: The angle between the target and the observer and the horizontal plane. Hold the instrument’s housing and base plate firmly in your right hand, with the long sighting device on the observer’s side. Position the instrument’s plane perpendicular to the horizontal plane, with the long bubble level at the bottom. Use your left hand to adjust the upper cover and the long sighting device so that the apertures for the target and the sighting device are simultaneously bisected by the elliptical aperture of the reflecting mirror. Then, use the middle finger of your right hand to adjust the handle, observing through the reflecting mirror to ensure the long bubble level is centered. At this point, the degree indicated by the indicator dial on the steering wheel represents the slope angle of the target. If measuring the slope angle of a particular slope, simply open the upper cover to its maximum position, place the side of the instrument directly on that slope, center the long bubble level, and read the angle—this is the slope angle of that slope (identical to the dip angle measured in geological attitude determination). 3 Horizontal Plane Identification Tilt the long sighting device until it lies in the same plane as the box surface, tilt the upper cover to 45°, keeping the sighting tip vertical and parallel to the upper cover, align the indicator with “0,” and adjust the instrument so that the long bubble level is centered. The line of sight through the sighting tip’s aperture and the elliptical aperture of the reflecting mirror then defines the horizontal plane. Measuring the Vertical Angle of an Object Open the upper cover to its maximum position, press the side of the instrument tightly against a representative plane of the object (such as a drill rod), then center the long bubble level. At this point, the reading on the indicator dial represents the vertical angle of the object. Magnetic Declination Adjustment Magnetic declination is divided into eastward and westward declinations, which are measured and published by the national surveying authority. When adjusting magnetic declination, first align the compass needle with any integer graduation mark, keep the instrument stationary, and adjust the graduated dial so that the degree indicated by the dial relative to the magnetic needle exactly matches the local magnetic declination. For westward declination, turn the dial counterclockwise; for eastward declination, turn the dial clockwise. Precautions 1 The magnetic needle, top pin, and agate bearing are the instrument’s key components and should be carefully protected and kept clean to avoid affecting the needle’s sensitivity. When not in use, the instrument should be closed tightly. After closing the instrument, the switch automatically lifts the magnetic needle, separating the top pin from the agate bearing to prevent wear on the top pin. 2 Due to variations in the Earth’s magnetic inclination across different regions, the magnetic needle may tilt. To keep the needle level, balance wires made of non-magnetic materials should be added to either the north or south pole of the needle. Adjust the number of turns or position of the balance wire so that the needle remains level in different regions. 3 All hinges should not be disassembled lightly, as loosening may affect accuracy. 4 The instrument should be kept away from high temperatures and direct sunlight to prevent bubble leakage and malfunction. 5 The hinge moving parts should be regularly lubricated with watch oil to prevent dry friction and breakage. 6 The instrument should be stored in a well-ventilated, dry place, away from magnetic objects. Magnetic Declination in Major and Medium-Sized Cities Across China (2018) Serial Number Region Magnetic Declination D Serial Number Region Magnetic Declination D 1 Beijing 6°52ʹ (W) 23 Lhasa 0°8ʹ (E) 2 Shanghai 5°57ʹ (W) 24 Kashgar 3°59ʹ (E) 3 Tianjin 6°55ʹ (W) 25 Kunming 1°23ʹ (W) 4 Chongqing 2°27ʹ (W) 26 Lanzhou 2°19ʹ (W) 5 Anshan 8°49ʹ (W) 27 Luoyang 4°39ʹ (W) 6 Baotou 4°51ʹ (W) 28 Nanchang 4°21ʹ (W) 7 Changchun 10°1ʹ (W) 29 Nanjing 5°39ʹ (W) 8 Changsha 3°38ʹ (W) 30 Qingdao 6°59ʹ (W) 9 Chengdu 2°2ʹ (W) 31 Qiqihar 10°45ʹ (W) 10 Dalian 7°58ʹ (W) 32 Shenyang 9°5ʹ (W) 11 Fangchenggang 1°53ʹ (W) 33 Shijiazhuang 5°56ʹ (W) 12 Fushun 9°12ʹ (W) 34 Taiyuan 5°17ʹ (W) 13 Fuzhou 4°24ʹ (W) 35 Tangshan 7°18ʹ (W) 14 Guangzhou 2°50ʹ (W) 36 Wuhan 4°22ʹ (W) 15 Guiyang 2°10ʹ (W) 37 Xi’an 3°37ʹ (W) 16 Hangzhou 5°30ʹ (W) 38 Xining 1°49ʹ (W) 17 Harbin 10°45ʹ (W) 39 Yinchuan 3°20ʹ (W) 18 Hefei 5°18ʹ (W) 40 Zhengzhou 5°0ʹ (W) 19 Hohhot 5°31ʹ (W) 41 Kowloon, Hong Kong 2°52ʹ (W) 20 Ji